- Cơ chế vi sinh vật của chu trình địa hóa C/N/S trong quá trình xử lý trầm tích mực nước thấp ở sông đô thị.

- Một đánh giá có hệ thống về mối quan hệ giữa môi trường tự nhiên với sức khỏe sinh lý và tinh thần trong các giai đoạn khác nhau của đại dịch COVID-19.

- Một đánh giá quan trọng về quá trình di chuyển, biến đổi, lấy mẫu, phân tích và tác động môi trường của vi hạt nhựa trong môi trường.

- Mở rộng thực hành trách nhiệm của nhà sản xuất và triển vọng quản lý chất thải ở Nhật Bản.

- Các chiến lược thích ứng để tăng cường an ninh nước và khả năng phục hồi ở các nước thu nhập thấp và trung bình: Đánh giá quan trọng.

- Giải phóng tính bền vững trong những thời điểm không chắc chắn: Liệu chúng ta có thể tận dụng sự phức tạp, sự không chắc chắn và lượng tiền gửi về kinh tế để chống suy thoái môi trường không?

- Vai trò của quá trình chuyển đổi năng lượng trong việc giảm thiểu rủi ro an ninh năng lượng và giảm lượng khí thải CO2: Bằng chứng ở cấp độ phân tách từ Hoa Kỳ theo các mô hình dựa trên lượng tử.

- Sự tồn tại của các kiểu hoàn lưu khí quyển mùa đông điển hình dẫn đến những ngày nồng độ PM2.5 cao ở Đông Á.

- Tích lũy sinh học của kim loại vi lượng trong nhựa: Nhận thức về rủi ro môi trường từ góc nhìn của Châu Âu.

- Một cách tiếp cận bằng dấu ấn sinh học để nghiên cứu ảnh hưởng của các hồ chứa đô thị Brazil bị ô nhiễm ở cá bản địa.

- Lập bản đồ kiến thức và các xu hướng mới nổi của nghiên cứu cơ sở hạ tầng có khả năng phục hồi đô thị trong nghiên cứu đô thị: Công việc trước đây, tiến độ hiện tại và triển vọng trong tương lai.

- Khám phá vai trò của cơ sở hạ tầng xanh đô thị trong việc trung hòa lượng carbon: Con đường mới từ cơ sở hạ tầng xanh đô thị và tiết kiệm năng lượng làm mát.

- Mô hình hóa tác động của phơi nhiễm sinh thái đô thị và bệnh viện đối với động lực kháng thuốc kháng sinh trong nước thải.

- Giới hạn tốc độ và ảnh hưởng của chúng đối với ô nhiễm không khí ở Thành phố Mexico: Một nghiên cứu gần như thực nghiệm.

- Làm rõ vai trò của clorua sắt trong việc thu hồi carbon từ nước thải đô thị có nồng độ thấp trong quy trình bùn hoạt tính tốc độ cao: Tối ưu hóa thông số và cơ chế quan trọng.

- Các kỹ thuật dựa trên RPCA để trích xuất mẫu, nhận dạng điểm nóng và hiệu chỉnh tín hiệu bằng cách sử dụng dữ liệu từ mạng lưới dày đặc các cảm biến NO2 chi phí thấp ở London.

- Tác động của mô hình cảnh quan không gian lãnh thổ đến nồng độ PM2.5 và O3 trong quần thể đô thị đồng bằng sông Dương Tử: Chiến lược thăm dò và quy hoạch.

- Sự xuất hiện và tồn tại của Enterobacterales đa kháng thuốc được phân lập từ nước đô thị, công nghiệp và nước mặt ở Monastir, Tunisia.

- Mô hình hóa phát thải khí nhà kính từ quá trình xử lý nước thải sinh học với xác minh thực nghiệm: Nghiên cứu trường hợp nhà máy giấy.

- Ước tính việc phát sinh và xử lý bùn thải quốc gia từ các nhà máy xử lý nước thải và nước uống của Hoa Kỳ.

- Triển khai quy trình bền vững để thu hồi palladium từ chất xúc tác đã qua sử dụng ở quy mô công nghiệp: Phương pháp tiếp cận LCA.

- Phân tích các biện pháp khử cacbon cho ngành xi măng Ấn Độ.

- Các tòa nhà công nghiệp hiện tại – Đánh giá về xu hướng nghiên cứu đa ngành và giải pháp trang bị thêm.

- Những giấc mơ xanh, thực tế địa phương: Sự phức tạp trong quá trình chuyển đổi năng lượng của Liên minh Châu Âu nhằm đảm bảo sức khỏe và phúc lợi địa phương trong khu vực công nghiệp dựa trên nhiên liệu hóa thạch.

- Nghiên cứu trong phòng thí nghiệm về hiệu suất hấp phụ và cơ chế hấp phụ của chất hữu cơ trong nước thải công nghiệp trên mp-Zr(OH)4.

- Ô nhiễm không khí tại các cụm công nghiệp: Phân tích và dự đoán toàn diện sử dụng dữ liệu đa nguồn.

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT / QUẢN LÝ MÔI TRƯỜNG 

Science of The Total Environment, Volume 923, 1 May 2024, 171469

Abstract

With the development and utilization of marine resources, coastal water pollution has become increasingly prominent. The marine ecological compensation (MEC) is a key measure to balance the utilization of marine resources and the protection of marine environment. This paper attempts to explore the governance effect of MEC policy on coastal water pollution. Based on panel data of coastal cities in China from 2006 to 2020, a multiple period difference-in-differences (DID) model is used to estimate the impact of MEC policy on coastal water pollution. The research results show that the coastal water pollution has decreased significantly in the polit cities after implementing the MEC policy. The governance effect of MEC policy on coastal water pollution will last for three year and cover areas within a geographical distance of 200 km. The transmission mechanisms of MEC policy on coastal water pollution are the reduction of land-based sewage, marine technological progress and optimization of industrial structure. Further, this paper provides operational suggestions for strengthening the governance effect of MEC policy on coastal water pollution.

Journal of Environmental Management, Volume 359, May 2024, 120962

Abstract

Low-water-level regulation has been effectively implemented in the restoration of urban river sediments in Guangzhou City, China. Further investigation is needed to understand the microbial mechanisms involved in pollutant degradation in low-water-level environments. This study examined sediment samples from nine rivers, including low-water-level rivers (LW), tidal waterways (TW), and enclosed rivers (ER). Metagenomic high-throughput sequencing and the Diting pipeline were utilized to investigate the microbial mechanisms involved in sediment C/N/S geochemical cycling during low-water-level regulation. The results reveal that the degree of pollution in LW sediment is lower compared to TW and ER sediment. LW sediment exhibits a higher capacity for pollutant degradation and elimination of black, odorous substances due to its stronger microbial methane oxidation, nitrification, denitrification, anammox, and oxidation of sulfide, sulfite, and thiosulfate. Conversely, TW and ER sediment showcase greater microbial methanogenesis, anaerobic fermentation, and sulfide generation abilities, leading to the persistence of black, odorous substances. Factors such as grit and silt content, nitrate, and ammonia concentrations impacted microbial metabolic pathways. Low-water-level regulation improved the micro-environment for functional microbes, facilitating pollutant removal and preventing black odorous substance accumulation. These findings provide insights into the microbial mechanisms underlying low-water-level regulation technology for sediment restoration in urban rivers.

Science of The Total Environment, Volume 923, 1 May 2024, 171392

Abstract

COVID-19 has altered how individuals interact with natural environments. Numerous studies have investigated the effects of such environments on health. However, how natural environments influenced individuals' physiological and mental health during various stages of the COVID-19 pandemic remains unclear. Therefore, we conducted this study to investigate the effects of natural environments on individuals' physiological and mental health during different stages of the pandemic; we also identified factors that mediated these effects. Overall, we evaluated the importance of natural environments during challenging times. This study adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines. The pandemic period was divided into three stages on the basis of severity: pandemic (March 2020 – February 2022), easing (February 2022–September 2022), and post-acute COVID pandemic (September 2022 - present). An initial pool of 3018 studies was narrowed down to a final sample of 73 studies. During the pandemic stage, individuals frequenting public green spaces exhibited improved well-being, reduced stress levels, and a sense of nature deprivation. Private green spaces played crucial roles in maintaining health during the pandemic stage. Highquality window views were associated with improved well-being and reduced depression. During the easing stage, the environmental quality of public green spaces influenced individuals' perceived safety and sense of belonging. And coastal areas were the preferred natural destinations in this stage. During the post-acute COVID pandemic stage, individuals acknowledged the importance of natural environments in maintaining physiological and mental health as they gradually returned to prepandemic normalcy. In conclusion, the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted humanity's reliance on nature. Therefore, sufficient urban spaces should be dedicated to preservation of natural environments to mitigate negative emotions arising from prolonged indoor stays.

Journal of Environmental Sciences, Available online 21 May 2024

Abstract

As emerging pollutants, microplastics have recently received considerable attention owing to detection in various organisms and environments. Mass production and widespread use of plastic products increase their potential risks to humans owing to their persistent, mobile, and toxic properties. Numerous methods have been used to identify and quantify the various forms of microplastics, however, unified standards do not exist. In this article, we systematically summarize the sources, migration, transformation, and analytical methods for microplastics in diverse ecosystems, particularly the most recent sampling and identification techniques. Additionally, the environmental effects and health hazards of microplastics on aquatic and terrestrial systems, as well as human beings are discussed. We also present management strategies for reducing microplastics in a broader social and policy context. This review aims to provide an overview of the migration, transformation, sampling, analysis, and environmental effects of microplastics, which addresses knowledge gaps in microplastic pollution and provides proposals for key research gaps.

Science of The Total Environment, Volume 923, 1 May 2024, 171528

Abstract

Different scenarios of precipitation, that lead to such phenomena as droughts and floods are influenced by concurrent multiple teleconnection factors. However, the multivariate relationship between precipitation indices and teleconnection factors, including large-scale atmospheric circulations and sea surface temperature signals in China, is rarely explored. Understanding this relationship is crucial for drought early warning systems and effective response strategies. In this study, we comprehensively investigated the combined effects of multiple large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns on precipitation changes in China. Specifically, Pearson correlation analysis and Partial Wavelet Coherence (PWC) were used to identify the primary teleconnection factors influencing precipitation dynamics. Furthermore, we used the cross-wavelet method to elucidate the temporal lag and periodic relationships between multiple teleconnection factors and their interactions. Finally, the multiple wavelet coherence analysis method was used to identify the dominant two-factor and three-factor combinations shaping precipitation dynamics. This analysis facilitated the quantification and determination of interaction types and influencing pathways of teleconnection factors on precipitation dynamics, respectively. The results showed that: (1) the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), EI Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), East Asia Summer Monsoon (EASM), and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) were dominant teleconnection factors influencing Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) dynamics; (2) significant correlation and leading or lagging relationships at different timescales generally existed for various teleconnection factors, where AMO was mainly leading the other factors with positive correlation, while ENSO and Southern Oscillation (SO) were mainly lagging behind other factors with prolonged correlations; and (3) the interactions between teleconnection factors were quantified into three types: enhancing, independent and offsetting effects. Specifically, the enhancing effect of two-factor combinations was stronger than the offsetting effect, where AMO + NAO (North Atlantic Oscillation) and AMO + AO (Atlantic Oscillation) had a larger distribution area in southern China. Conversely, the offsetting effect of three-factor combinations was more significant than that of the two-factor combinations, which was mainly distributed in northeast and northwest regions of China. This study sheds new light on the mechanisms of modulation and pathways of influencing various large-scale factors on seasonal precipitation dynamics.

Sustainable Chemistry One World, Available online 21 May 2024, 100009

Abstract

Unquestionably, waste management plays a significant role in decreasing greenhouse gas emissions, energy consumption, and demand for raw materials. As a result, numerous nations have developed particular legal frameworks to make effective waste reduction, reuse, and recycling possible. Extended producer responsibility is one of these legal frameworks (EPR). EPR transfers control over how manufactured goods affect the environment after they have served their intended purpose from customers to manufacturers. Due to their extensive EPR capability and expertise, Japan was chosen in this review. As a significant footnote, the attitudes of producers and consumers toward EPR and DRS as well as the effects of COVID-19 are also discussed. The discussion of current trash collection technology is followed by an examination of how well-suited for the future was explored. In addition, techniques for recycling HDPE, LDPE and light weight packaging are described. Finally, potential EPR and DRS trends are investigated.

Science of The Total Environment, Volume 925, 15 May 2024, 171520

Abstract

The water sector is facing unprecedented pressures as increased environmental and anthropogenic challenges, such as climate change and rapid urbanization, impact the availability and predictability of safe drinking water. There is a need for practitioners and policymakers to integrate water security and resilience (WS&R) factors into programming to sustain investments in drinking water systems to support associated economic, security, and public health benefits. In response to intensifying impacts from WS&R risks, communities around the world are developing adaptive strategies, and a critical review of these strategies may provide lessons that can be implemented at scale. In this critical review, we systematically screened over 9000 peer-reviewed and grey literature articles and extracted data from relevant studies that propose, pilot, and/or evaluate adaptations in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and evaluated the suitability of each adaptation for different contexts. We created a portfolio of adaptive strategies from over 75 LMICs to inform practitioners and policymakers in enhancing the resilience of drinking water systems. Over 20 adaptations were identified, including strategies such as stormwater management, wastewater reuse, non-revenue water reductions, water pricing, and public awareness campaigns. We categorized adaptations by function (improving water management, augmenting existing supplies, reducing water demand) and scale (household, municipal, regional) to provide recommendations tailored to local needs. For each adaptation, we highlighted associated strengths, weaknesses, barriers to adoption, and enabling environments for successful implementation. We propose a novel decision-support tool, called STEP WS&R, that provides a consistent and replicable process for informing high-level investment and policy choices around WS&R. This critical review presents recommendations for practitioners and policymakers to invest in WS&R adaptations, catered to shared risks and contexts.

Journal of Environmental Management, Volume 359, May 2024, 121094

Abstract

Rapid economic growth and human activities have seriously damaged the environment and hindered the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Hence, this study aims to explore the impact of economic complexity, uncertainty, and remittance on environmental degradation in 134 countries from 2000 to 2022. In addition, it examines whether uncertainty moderates the relationship between remittance and environmental degradation. Two proxies (ecological footprint and CO2) were used to measure environmental degradation. The analysis was conducted using a cross-sectional dependency test, second-generation unit root test, and panel quantile regression. The results revealed that economic complexity significantly and positively impacted environmental degradation, while uncertainty and remittance significantly and negatively impacted environmental degradation. Furthermore, uncertainty weakened the negative relationship between remittance and environmental degradation. Accordingly, this paper discusses various recommendations and policy implications regarding economic complexity, uncertainty, remittance, and environmental degradation.

Science of The Total Environment, Volume 925, 15 May 2024, 171735

Abstract

The ecosystems in China's arid and semiarid regions are notably fragile and experiencing dramatic land degradation. At the 12th Conference of the Parties (COP12) to the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) in October 2015, a definition for land degradation neutrality (LDN) was proposed and subsequently integrated into the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Research on LDN has developed in terms of conceptual framework constructions, quantitative assessments, and empirical studies. However, LDN and its drivers must be clarified in China's arid and semiarid regions since some representative processes have yet to be fully considered in the assessment. Here, we develop an LDN indicator system specialised for the area, assess their LDN status, and determine the impacts of human activities and climate change on LDN. Our research aims to refine the LDN indicator system tailored for China's arid and semiarid regions by incorporating the trends of wind and water erosion. We also identify the influence of human activity and climate change on LDN, which provides insightful strategies for ecological restoration and sustainable development in drylands with climate-sensitive ecosystems. The results show that: (1) In 2020, more than half of areas of China's arid and semiarid regions achieved LDN, with more pronounced success in the southeastern areas compared to the central regions. (2) For LDN drivers, elevation shows negligible influence on LDN, whereas increased temperature promotes LDN achievement. Conversely, factors like vapour pressure deficit and v-direction wind speed hinder it. In conclusion, China's arid and semiarid regions achieved LDN, and the dominant factor that substantially influences LDN varies across geographical zones, with higher wind speeds and elevated GDP levels generally obstructing LDN in most areas.

Journal of Environmental Management, Volume 359, May 2024, 120967

Abstract

In recent years, the Chinese government has actively pursued the implementation of its ‘dual-carbon’ strategy, concurrently establishing a national carbon emissions trading market. Accurate carbon price forecasts have become essential for policymakers and investors involved in related initiatives. Nevertheless, influenced by the interaction of various information sources, carbon trading prices exhibit non-linear and non-stationary characteristics, posing challenges for accurate prediction. Current research, centered around deep learning models, predominantly emphasizes intricate network structures, optimisation algorithms, and data decomposition. However, these models face a developmental bottleneck in extracting carbon price features and efficiently leveraging multi-source information. Consequently, novel ideas and methodologies are imperative. This study focuses on the Hubei and Guangdong regional carbon markets as research subjects. It develops a prediction framework based on a generative adversarial network model to capture the time-series change characteristics of carbon trading prices and the condition matrix. First, a generator prediction model is used to obtain the input matrix features and extract the time series features through a complex network to predict the carbon price data at the next moment using a fully connected layer. Second, a discriminator is utilised to distinguish between the actual values and the predicted values. The generator and the discriminator undergo continuous iterative training and alternate optimisation. This process aims to bring the generated prediction distributions closer to the actual sample data, resulting in more accurate final predictions. The empirical results convincingly show that the proposed model achieves unparalleled forecasting precision in both markets. The proposed model demonstrates the lowest MAE (0.804 and 0.839), lowest MAPE (0.023 and 0.018), lowest RMSE (1.174 and 1.383), and highest R2 (0.971 and 0.989) across both markets, indicating superior predictive accuracy. Additionally, the proposed model consistently outshines traditional forecasting approaches across one-step, five-step, and ten-step forecasts, affirming its robustness and universal applicability in modelling carbon trading price series. The findings suggest that this study can aid policymakers in optimizing the carbon pricing system. Furthermore, it offers a reference for policymakers to comprehensively leverage external factors, such as regulating traditional energy prices, leveraging international carbon market experiences, and monitoring economic dynamics. This comprehensive strategy can streamline the exploration and management of carbon price fluctuations, ultimately strengthening the carbon market's risk control system.

Science of The Total Environment, Volume 925, 15 May 2024, 171582

Abstract

The PM2.5 concentrations in Anhui, which links the Yangtze River Delta region, China's fastest growing economy area, with the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region, China's most polluted region, are influenced not only by emissions, but also by variation of meteorological conditions. A comprehensive understanding of the relative impacts of meteorology and emissions on heavy pollution in Anhui at three phases (i.e., phase1: from 2013 to 2017; phase2: from 2018 to 2020; phase 3: from 2021 to 2022) from 2013 to 2022, which can provide suggestions for pollution prevention and control in the future. The decrease in pollutant concentrations from 2013 to 2022 is mainly attributed to the continued reduction in emissions, while the year-to-year fluctuations in pollutant concentrations are largely influenced by meteorological conditions. Although emissions are decreasing, the proportions of residential biofuel combustion and cement are increasing. In addition to the effects of prevailing northeasterly and northwesterly winds (i.e., Type1 and Type2), there is also concern about the influences of static weather and neighboring regional transport (i.e., Type5 and Type6), especially in 2016. The contribution of emissions is greater in phase 2 and phase 3, with a 17 % increase compared to phase 1. Overall, approximately 57 % of explosive growth in PM2.5 concentration during the cumulative stage (CS) can be regarded as the feedback effect of the deteriorating meteorological conditions. Therefore, statistical analyses show that limiting PM2.5 concentrations below about 73 μg m−3 would weaken the feedback effects, which in turn would avoid most of the explosive growth processes in the CS of the 60 heavy pollution processes, which can provide a reference for the government to set a target for sustained emission reduction.

Journal of Environmental Management, Volume 359, May 2024, 120971

Abstract

Consistent with the increasing environmental interest, the clean energy transition is highly critical to achieving decarbonization targets. Also, energy security has become an important topic under the shadow of the energy crisis,. Accordingly, countries have been trying to stimulate clean energy use to preserve the environment and ensure energy security. So, considering the leading role of economic size and volume of energy use, the study examines the USA to define whether energy transition helps decrease energy security risk (ESR) and curb CO2 emissions. So, the study applies a disaggregated level analysis by performing quantile-based models for the period from 2001/Q1 through 2022/Q4. The results demonstrate that (i) the energy transition index decreases environmental ESR at higher quantiles and reliability ESR at lower and middle quantiles, whereas it is not beneficial in declining economic and geopolitical ESR; (ii) energy transition curbs CO2 emissions in building and transport sectors at lower quantiles, whereas it does not help decrease CO2 emissions in industrial and power sectors; (iii) energy transition is mostly ineffective on ESR, whereas it is highly effective in curbing CO2 emissions in all sectors except for transport across various quantiles as time passes; (iv) the results differ according to the aggregated and disaggregated levels; (v) the results are consistent across main and alternative models. Hence, the study highlights the dominant effect of energy transition in curbing sectoral CO2 emissions rather than easing ESR. Accordingly, the study discusses various policy implications for the USA.

Environmental Pollution, Volume 348, 1 May 2024, 123829

Abstract

Understanding the atmospheric circulation patterns responsible for severe air pollution events in East Asia is important because East Asia is one of the most polluted regions in the world, particularly during the boreal winter (December-January-February). Here, by conducting GEOS-Chem simulation with fixed anthropogenic emission sources, we found that there exist three typical atmospheric circulation patterns conducive to leading to high concentrations of particulate matter with a diameter less than or equal to 2.5 μm (PM2.5) in East Asia. These atmospheric circulation patterns are characterized by weakened horizontal winds, which allows PM2.5 to accumulate, and by enhanced relative humidity, which can favor secondary formation of PM2.5. The occurrence of these atmospheric circulation patterns is associated with increased sea ice cover over the Barents Sea and heavy precipitation over the tropical western Indian Ocean. The existence of these atmospheric circulation patterns among typical atmospheric circulation patterns indicates high PM2.5 days in East Asia are unavoidable given current level of anthropogenic emissions in the region. This conclusion indicates that sustained efforts to reduce anthropogenic emission sources in East Asia should be warranted to avoid high PM2.5 days.

Journal of Environmental Management, Volume 359, May 2024, 120927

Abstract

This research investigates the impact of geopolitical risk, institutional governance and green finance on environmental outcomes, specifically focusing on carbon emissions and ecological footprint. Utilizing the dynamic CS-ARDL method and aggregated mean group analysis on a panel dataset covering 21 nations from 2000 to 2021, our findings reveal that heightened geopolitical risk leads to both short and long run increases in carbon emissions and the ecological footprint. Our study finds both a direct as well as indirect connection between governance, green finance and environmental outcomes in both the short and long run, highlighting the nuanced impact of governance on the formulation of environmental policies and regulatory frameworks. The results emphasize the need for targeted strategies, including focused investments and incentives for sustainable finance, particularly in conflict-affected regions. Furthermore, our research underscores the enduring impact of historical events, such as wars, on contemporary environmental indicators, emphasizing the importance of proactive conflict prevention measures. Our research suggests that policymakers should adopt comprehensive strategies that prioritize emission reduction during short-run spikes in geopolitical risk while maintaining a steadfast commitment to long-run sustainability.

Environmental Pollution, Volume 348, 1 May 2024, 123808

Abstract

The term "Plastisphere" refers to the biofilm layer naturally formed by microorganisms attaching to plastic surfaces. This layer possesses the capability to adsorb persistent organic and inorganic pollutants, particularly trace metals, which are the focus of this research study. Immersion experiments were concurrently conducted in five locations spanning four European countries (France, Ireland, Spain, and Italy) utilising eight distinct polymers. These immersions, repeated every three months over a one-year period, aimed to evaluate the baseline bioaccumulation of 12 trace metals. The study underscores the intricate nature of metal bioaccumulation, influenced by both micro-scale factors (such as polymer composition) and macro-scale factors (including geographical site and seasonal variations). Villefranche Bay in France exhibited the lowest metals bioaccumulation, whereas Naples in Italy emerged as the site where bioaccumulation was often the highest for the considered metals. Environmental risk assessment was also conducted in the study.

The lightweight nature of certain plastics allows them to be transported across significant distances in the ocean. Consequently, evaluating trace metal concentrations in the plastisphere is imperative for assessing potential environmental repercussions that plastics, along with their associated biota, may exert even in locations distant from their point of emission.

Fusion Engineering and Design, Volume 202, May 2024, 114307

Abstract

One of the top-level safety objectives for EU DEMO design and operation is to protect workers, the public and the environment from harm and thus to minimize radioactive waste hazards and volumes and ensure that the legacy to the future generation is limited.

The objectives of the waste management strategy studies are to identify any showstoppers arising from the waste management or optimizations that could impact the design and operation of the facility and identify the R&D needed to ensure a safe management of these materials and waste.

The following aspects are considered at this stage to anticipate and facilitate the waste management in particular with regards to waste that would require deep final disposal: limitation at source by selection of materials and impurities limiting the amount and toxicity of the waste, characterization of the fluxes, development of processes to reduce the waste radiotoxicity and amounts, definition of management routes and interim storage of waste.

URBAN ENVIRONMENT/ MÔI TRƯỜNG ĐÔ THỊ 

Science of The Total Environment, Volume 923, 1 May 2024, 171500

Abstract

Two of the largest water reservoirs in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, Brazil (MRSP), named Billings and Guarapiranga, are facing high levels of anthropic impact. This is evidenced by the presence of contaminants and pollutants, which are deteriorating their water quality. Therefore, this study evaluated antioxidant defense enzymes, lipoperoxidation and genotoxicity, in adult females of a native species, Astyanax altiparanae from the Guarapiranga and Billings reservoirs. The study also aimed to evaluate these biomarkers during two different periods of the year, the rainy (summer) and dry (winter) seasons. The oxidative stress was evaluated by the activity of enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferases, superoxide dismutase, and catalase in the gills and liver, and the occurrence of lipoperoxidation was also evaluated in both organs. The genotoxicity was assessed by performing comet assay, micronucleus, and nuclear abnormality tests on blood samples. The results showed that fish from both reservoirs are subjected to oxidative stress and genotoxic damage, mainly during winter, but fish living in Billings showed greater alterations than fish from Guarapiranga. Likewise, the results of the principal component analysis suggested that caffeine, nitrogenous compounds, and some metals might be triggering these toxic effects in fish.

Journal of Cleaner Production,  Volume 452, 1 May 2024, 142087

Abstract

Urban Resilient Infrastructure (URI) has emerged as a critical factor in maintaining the equilibrium of urban systems in the face of external perturbations. URI was introduced as a promising approach for mitigating the impact of climate hazards and environmental problems. Despite its increasing importance, the existing literature on URI has inadequately provided a comprehensive understanding of the patterns governing its evolution. To address this gap, this study analyzed 958 documents on URI published between 2000 and 2022, using CiteSpace software to examine the theoretical and practical applications of URI from multiple dimensions. Our findings reveal that the field has undergone a transformation since 2016, characterized by an increasing number of publications and a shift towards a multi-disciplinary and interdisciplinary approach. Researchers have expanded their focus from examining single climate disasters to evaluating the full life cycle impacts of urban ecology, social economics, and community health. The nature-based solutions cluster was the largest corpus of publications and aligns with the themes of global climate change and ecosystem services. Theoretical models such as social-economic adaptability and ecosystem restoration were the primary basis for research in this field. Additionally, the integration of artificial intelligence has advanced the theoretical framework and methodological approaches of URI. The utilization of complex algorithms and network analyses in the development of technical models has enabled the acquisition of sophisticated insights into the underlying mechanisms of urban resilience in diverse contexts and scenarios. The study underscored the need for a comprehensive and integrated approach to urban infrastructure planning and management that considered social, economic, and environmental dimensions. It also contributed to a better understanding of the evolving field of URI and provides practical insights for policymakers, urban planners, and researchers interested in building more resilient and sustainable cities.

Science of The Total Environment, Volume 923, 1 May 2024, 170910

Abstract

Lead is a toxic metal that can pose a huge threat to children's health. China has experienced rapid urbanization since the reform in 1978; however, there has been no examination of the potential influence of this urbanization on children's blood lead levels (BLLs). This study is the initial investigation to explore the correlation between urbanization and BLLs in Chinese children. Five windows of time are considered: pre-2000, 2001–2005, 2006–2010, 2011–2015 and 2016–2021. The results show that urbanization affected lead distribution in urban soil and agricultural soil during the above periods, especially in northern China. The higher non-carcinogenic risk of lead for children is consistent with the lead pollution in soil (3 < Igeo ≤ 4). Urban children's BLLs are slightly higher than those of rural children in 2001–2010, but rural children's BLLs in 2011–2021 are higher than those of urban children during China's urbanization. The areas of rural decline and the areas of urban growth increased across all the window periods. However, the BLLs decrease in all rural and urban areas during all window periods, especially in urban areas. Children's BLLs have a significantly negative correlation with urban areas (p < 0.01). Therefore, China's urbanization has a significant effect on the decrease in children's BLLs. The significance of this study is to provide a fresh perspective and innovative strategy for policymaking in order to reduce children's BLLs and prevent lead exposure. This can be achieved by transforming their external living environment from a rural lifestyle to an urban one, while also ensuring access to well education and maintaining a balanced nutrient intake.

Journal of Cleaner Production, Volume 452, 1 May 2024, 142193

Abstract

Cities are crucial in carbon reduction and carbon neutrality. However, the contribution of urban green infrastructure (UGI) to achieve these goals has been underestimated. Here, taking the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) as an example, we develop a methodology incorporating fine-resolution UGI mappings and use the results from 2017 to 2022 to elucidate UGI patterns, trends, and carbon reduction capacity. The results revealed that: 1) Urbanization area increased by scarifying UGI, and the carbon sequestration capacity experienced a decrease and fixed 1.4% carbon emissions in GBA. 2) Based on the climate regulation from UGI, cities in GBA mitigated 29.5% of GBA's carbon emissions. The total carbon reduction from UGI was 193.6 million tons in 2022. 3) By synthesizing global field measurement studies with meta-analysis, we found that the rate of UGI increased by 1%, and the air temperature decreased by 0.01 °C. 4) With consideration of climate changes, we identified that increasing the coverage of UGI is more effective in strengthening the carbon emission reduction capacity than improving UGI quality. This study broadens the capacity of UGI in carbon neutrality, can effectively mitigate urban carbon reduction stress, and provides a novel perspective for urban carbon neutrality in China and elsewhere.

Science of The Total Environment, Volume 924, 10 May 2024, 171643

Abstract

The emergence and selection of antibiotic resistance is a major public health problem worldwide. The presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARBs) in natural and anthropogenic environments threatens the sustainability of efforts to reduce resistance in human and animal populations. Here, we use mathematical modeling of the selective effect of antibiotics and contaminants on the dynamics of bacterial resistance in water to analyze longitudinal spatio-temporal data collected in hospital and urban wastewater between 2012 and 2015. Samples were collected monthly during the study period at four different sites in Haute-Savoie, France: hospital and urban wastewater, before and after water treatment plants. Three different categories of exposure variables were collected simultaneously: 1) heavy metals, 2) antibiotics and 3) surfactants for a total of 13 drugs/molecules; in parallel to the normalized abundance of 88 individual genes and mobile genetic elements, mostly conferring resistance to antibiotics. A simple hypothesis-driven model describing weekly antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) dynamics was proposed to fit the available data, assuming that normalized gene abundance is proportional to antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) populations in water. The detected compounds were found to influence the dynamics of 17 genes found at multiple sites. While mercury and vancomycin were associated with increased ARG and affected the dynamics of 10 and 12 identified genes respectively, surfactants antagonistically affected the dynamics of three genes. The models proposed here make it possible to analyze the relationship between the persistence of resistance genes in the aquatic environment and specific compounds associated with human activities from longitudinal data. Our analysis of French data over 2012–2015 identified mercury and vancomycin as co-selectors for some ARGs.

Journal of Cleaner Production, Volume 452, 1 May 2024, 142036

Abstract

As climate change intensifies, extreme weather events, especially the coastal flooding is becoming increasingly severe. Carbon emissions exacerbate climate change, leading to increased frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation, which may result in flooding. This study focuses on the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA), a coastal city cluster in China, and adopts the scenario analysis approach to evaluate flood risks in the different carbon mitigation scenario from the perspectives of dangerousness, and adaption ability. The result shows that the Huizhou in the east of the GBA and the Zhaoqing in the northwest have the highest level of flood disaster risk. However, the central region of the GBA (Guangzhou, Dongguan, Zhongshan, and Foshan) is very vulnerable to disaster-inducing environments and hazard-affected bodies, which means that the flooding risk and the impact of such risk in the GBA display regional differentiation characteristics and the spatial patterns of them are different. According to the carbon neutrality scenario, the flood risk in the GBA peaks in 2030, and decreases during 2030–2090. In contrast, under the uneven development and high carbon pathways, the risk peaks in 2060, and the overall risk by 2090 is roughly the same as that in 2060. In addition, the regions with the highest flood disaster risk are Guangzhou, Foshan, Dongguan and Zhongshan along the Pearl River estuary. Overall, it shows that areas with higher levels of urbanization and more developed economies will face higher flooding risks. The "dangerousness-adaption ability” structure can reflect the spatial distribution pattern of flood disaster risks, identify the priority areas for flood prevention and control, and is conducive to risk management. At the same time, the research results show that ecological protection have a positive effect on reducing flood risk. In addition, corresponding policy recommendations for pre-disaster, mid-disaster and post-disaster have been proposed, providing references for flood risk management in the GBA.

Science of The Total Environment, Volume 924, 10 May 2024, 171506

Abstract

Speed limits are an evidence-based intervention to prevent traffic collisions and deaths, yet their impact on air pollution in cities is understudied. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between lower speed limits and air pollution. We leverage the introduction of a new road safety policy in Mexico City in December 2015 which lowered speed limits, increased fines, and installed speed radars to enforce compliance. We tested whether the policy had an impact on particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) at the city level, and whether air-quality monitoring stations' proximity to speed radars moderated this effect due to more acceleration and deceleration around radars. NO2 and PM2.5 concentrations from January 2014 to December 2018 were obtained from the National System of Air Quality Information. Air-quality monitoring stations were classified as in close-proximity or far-from-speed radars. Interrupted time series analyses were conducted for each outcome separately, using linear mixed models and adjusting for seasonality and time-varying confounders: registered vehicles, temperature, wind-speed and relative humidity. The results suggest improvement in both contaminants after the speed limits policy. For NO2, the pre-policy trend was flat, while the post-policy trend showed a decline in concentrations of 0.04 ppb/week. For PM2.5, concentrations were increasing pre-policy by 0.08 μg/m3 per week, then this trend flattened in the post-policy period to a weekly, non-significant, increase of 0.03 μg/m3 (p = 0.08). Air-quality monitors' proximity to speed radars did not moderate the effect of the policy on either of the pollutants. In conclusion, the speed limits policy implemented in Mexico City in 2015 was associated with improvements in air pollution.

Journal of Cleaner Production, Volume 452, 1 May 2024, 142248

Abstract

To enhance organics capture efficiency from low-strength municipal wastewater of China, FeCl3 enhanced high-rate activated sludge (FC-HRAS) process was established in this work. Effects of sludge concentration and FeCl3 dosage on carbon capture in FC-HRAS were investigated. The optimum sludge concentration of 2.0 g/L and FeCl3 dosage of 30 mg Fe/L were obtained, with total COD removal efficiency of 76.8%. Carbon balance analysis showed that FC-HRAS increased organics capture proportion by 91.8% while reducing loss from oxidative metabolism compared to HRAS. The potential mechanism of enhanced carbon capture for FC-HRAS was further explored. Adding Fe(III) caused coagulation of organics by increasing the Zeta potential in wastewater. Impacted by charge neutralization "compression” and coagulation floc "encirclement”, sludge particle sizes decreased, leading to increases of internal surface area and adsorption site of sludge for binding with bacteria; it facilitated the biological flocculation of FC-HRAS. Meanwhile, Fe(III) binding with proteins in EPS induced formation of "protein shell – β polysaccharides kernel” sludge structure and reduction of sludge negative charge, which intensified sludge stability and agglomeration. These factors explained the increase in organics capture proportion. The decrease in metabolism loss of organics could be attributed to the increase in organics transfer resistance in sludge EPS and selective elimination of heteromorphic bacteria (e.g., denitrifiers) in sludge. This work provided guidance for energy-neutral and cost-saving wastewater treatment in China.

Science of The Total Environment, Volume 925, 15 May 2024, 171522

Abstract

High-density low-cost air quality sensor networks are a promising technology to monitor air quality at high temporal and spatial resolution. However the collected data is high-dimensional and it is not always clear how to best leverage this information, particularly given the lower data quality coming from the sensors. Here we report on the use of robust Principal Component Analysis (RPCA) using nitrogen dioxide data obtained from a recently deployed dense network of 225 air pollution monitoring nodes based on low-cost sensors in the Borough of Camden in London. RPCA addresses the brittleness of singular value decomposition towards outliers by using a decomposition of the data into low-rank and sparse contributions, with the latter containing outliers. The modal decomposition enabled by RPCA identifies major periodic patterns including spatial and temporal bias, dominant spatial variance, and north-south bias. The five most descriptive components capture 98 % of the data's variance, achieving a compression by a factor of 1500. We present a new technique that uses the sparse part of the data to identify hotspots. The data indicates that at the locations of the top 15 % most susceptible nodes in the network, the model identifies 23 % more hotspots than in all other locations combined. Moreover, the median hotspot event at these at-risk locations exceeds the mean NO2concentration by 33μg/m3. We show the potential of RPCA for signal correction; it corrects random errors yielding a reference signal with R2 >0.8. Moreover, RPCA successfully reconstructs missing data from a sensor with R2 =0.72 from the rest of the sensor network, an improvement upon PCA of around 50 %, allowing air quality estimations even if a sensor is out of use temporarily.

Journal of Cleaner Production, Volume 452, 1 May 2024, 142172

Abstract

PM2.5-O3 composite pollution has become a pressing atmospheric challenge in China. Assessing the impact of territorial spatial landscape pattern on PM2.5 and O3 concentrations within the context of territorial spatial planning will provide ideas for atmospheric governance and spatial planning. Based on the agricultural-urban-ecological space system, this study first reclassifies territorial space within the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration (YRDUA) and calculates multilevel and multidimensional landscape metrics. Then, variables are screened by the random forest model and collinearity test. Furthermore, the spatiotemporally heterogeneous impact of selected landscape metrics on PM2.5 and O3 concentrations is explored using the geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR) model, with a tradeoff-synergy analysis being conducted to propose planning strategies. The conclusions show: (1) Two pollutant concentrations have both numerical and spatial correlations. The temporal stability of concentrations' responses to metrics is increasing, while the spatial heterogeneity continues to be significant. (2) Aggregation index of agricultural production space (AP_AI) and percentage of forest area (FO_PLAND) are trade-off and synergy factors of coordinated control, respectively. Largest patch index of grassland (GR_LPI) and patch density of other ecological spaces (OT_PD) are individual factors of PM2.5 reduction. (3) Spatial zoning supported by intra-zonal and inter-zonal cooperation policies, and coordinated control guidelines centered around the utilization of agricultural production space, have been advocated. This study aims to provide theoretical supplement and practical support for urban agglomeration's atmospheric governance and territorial spatial landscape pattern optimization.

Science of The Total Environment, Volume 926, 20 May 2024, 171562

Abstract

The One Health approach of antimicrobial resistance highlighted the role of the aquatic environment as a reservoir and dissemination source of resistance genes and resistant bacteria, especially due to anthropogenic activities. Resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESC) conferred by extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) in E. coli has been proposed as the major marker of the AMR burden in cross-sectoral approaches. In this study, we investigated wastewater, surface water and seawater that are subjected to official water quality monitoring in Monastir, Tunisia. While all but one sample were declared compliant according to the official tests, ESC-resistant bacteria were detected in 31 (19.1 %) samples. Thirty-nine isolates, coming from urban, industrial and surface water in Monastir, were collected and characterized using antibiograms and whole-genome sequencing. These isolates were identified as 27 Escherichia coli (69.3 %) belonging to 13 STs, 10 Klebsiella pneumoniae (25.6 %) belonging to six STs, and two Citrobacter freundii (5.1 %). We observed the persistence and dissemination of clones over time and in different sampling sites, and no typically human-associated pathogens could be identified apart from one ST131. All isolates presented a blaCTX-M gene – blaCTX-M-15 (n = 22) and blaCTX-M-55 (n = 8) being the most frequent variants – which were identified on plasmids (n = 20) or on the chromosome (n = 19). In conclusion, we observed ESC resistance in rather ubiquitous bacteria that are capable of surviving in the water environment. This suggests that including the total coliform count and the ESBL count as determined by bacterial growth on selective plates in the official monitoring would greatly improve water quality control in Tunisia.

Chemosphere, Volume 355, May 2024, 139783

Abstract

This paper provides a procedure for comparing the performance of different biofilm carrier medias and their surrounding suspended biomass through oxygen uptake rate (OUR) tests. For in situ (oxygen uptake rate (OUR) measurements, three identical lab scale biofilm reactors were set up at the El Gouna wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). In this setup, two options of media for moving-bed biofilm reactors (MBBR) and one media for fixed-bed biofilm reactors (FBBR) were compared. The WWTP also used the same carrier in a real scale hybrid application to analyze how the interactions between the carrier type and the suspended biomass influences the overall performance. The in situ OUR approach is recommended to measure the contribution of the biofilm fixed biomass under site specific conditions. Specifically, settleability and diffusion limitations are the two opposite poles that cannot be predicted adequately for mild climate conditions based on the literature. A biofilm carrier application can add but actually can also reduce the capacity in a hybrid activated sludge system: The added MBBR-media was able to grind down the sludge flocs forming a poorly settleable suspended biomass. The added FBBR-media can lead to extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) rich biofilms that contribute very little as substrate and oxygen are unavailable for the microorganisms present in the biofilm. In this application of the comparison procedure, Kaldnes K1 like MBBR media was compared with a recycling MBBR carrier option (poly propylene bottle caps) and Jäger Envirotech "BioCurlz™” FBBR media. The study showed higher average rates for the MBBR but decreased settleability. The FBBR showed higher peak rates when flushed to break up the biofilm and well settleable sludge. The determination of OUR per g of volatile solids (SOUR) showed comparable results for all the carriers and in warm conditions, only the capacity to accommodate biomass determines the contribution of the carrier.

Science of The Total Environment, Volume 926, 20 May 2024, 171397

Abstract

Discourses concerning the potential health benefits of blue-green infrastructure (BGI) have gained momentum, highlighting its positive influence on human health and wellbeing. While studies have explored the concept of "Nature Pyramid” and the role of exposure to natural environments in promoting health, the role of water elements remains underexplored. Rooted in this concept, this study proposed a notion of "blue-green diet" as a framework to understand the intricate mechanisms and determinants of optimal blue-green exposure. Understanding the relationship between these determinants and their health-related impacts can facilitate the enhancement of BGI design, leading to greater effectiveness in promoting health and wellbeing and supporting sustainable urban development strategies.

To enhance the comprehension of the "blue-green diet", this study conducted a systematic literature review to grasp the underlying mechanisms behind its beneficial effects, focusing on two key determinants of "blue-green diet", which are also derived from the concept of the "Nature Pyramid”: (1) the type of BGI and (2) the mode of interaction with and within BGIs. Under the search of BGI's overall health impacts, this study selected 54 journal publications concerning BGI's type and interaction mode from Web of Science and Scopus since 2010. The review revealed significant disparities in the health benefits provided by different types of BGI (in terms of artificial extent and scale) and between active and passive interaction modes. It examines how to balance natural and artificial elements for enhancing the benefits of BGI and discusses the attributes of BGI that encourage diverse and meaningful interaction patterns. These efforts collectively aim to optimize BGI design and planning, increase its capacity to promote health, and extend its benefits to a wider range of individuals. Future research should encompass a broader spectrum of determinants, such as diverse BGI settings, visit frequency and duration, and user's social-cultural backgrounds.

Chemosphere, Volume 356, May 2024, 141850

Abstract

Coastal urban areas impact atmospheric chemistry and air quality through various sources, interactions, and processes. This study examines the mass concentrations of fine mode (PM2.5) aerosol and its major and trace components (Al, As, Ba, Bi, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mo, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sr, Te, Ti, Tl, V, Zn). The comprehensive field measurements were conducted in Poland between September 2019 and May 2020. Seasonal distribution and drivers of these pollutants showed considerable variability. In winter, higher concentrations were observed for Pb, Co, and As due to the higher contribution of pyrogenic emission. The Principal Component Analysis provided evidence of anthropogenic sources of trace species associated with coal combustion by industry/power plants, brake wear-related emissions, vehicle emissions, shipping activities, road-resuspended dust, and urban construction activities. These results showed that major chemical elements (Ca, Na, Fe, Mg, Al, and K) contributed to 4.07–34.0% of all components. Se, Zn, and Br contributed 1.29%, 1.25%, and 1.04%, respectively, while other tracers ranged between 0.07% and 0.95%. The diagnostic ratio of V/Ni remained stable between 0.45 and 0.46 during the cold season, then increased in spring, indicating that ship emissions were an important source of these metals during the warm season.

Science of The Total Environment, Volume 926, 20 May 2024, 171635

Abstract

Limited observation sites and insufficient monitoring of atmospheric CO2 in urban areas restrict our comprehension of urban-suburban disparities. This research endeavored to shed light on the urban-suburban differences of atmospheric CO2 in levels, diurnal and seasonal variations as well as the potential sources and impact factors in the megacity of Hangzhou, China, where the economically most developed region in China is. The observations derived from the existing Hangzhou Atmospheric Composition Monitoring Center Station (HZ) and Lin'an Regional Atmospheric Background Station (LAN) and the newly established high-altitude Daming Mountain Atmospheric Observation Station (DMS), were utilized. From November 2020 to October 2021, the annual averages of HZ, LAN and DMS were 446.52 ± 17.01 ppm, 441.56 ± 15.42 ppm, and 422.02 ± 10.67 ppm. The difference in atmospheric CO2 mole fraction between HZ and LAN was lower compared to the urban-suburban differences observed in other major cities in China, such as Shanghai, Nanjing, and Beijing. Simultaneous CO2 enhancements were observed at HZ and LAN, when using DMS observations as background references. The seasonal variations of CO2 at LAN and DMS exhibited a high negative correlation with the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values, indicating the strong regulatory of vegetation canopy. The variations in boundary layer height had a larger influence on the low-altitude HZ and LAN stations than DMS. Compared to HZ and LAN, the atmospheric CO2 at DMS was influenced by emissions and transmissions over a wider range. The potential source area of DMS in autumn covered most areas of the urban agglomeration in eastern China. DMS measurements could provide a reliable representation of the background level of CO2 emissions in the Yangtze River Delta and a broader region. Conventional understanding of regional CO2 level in the Yangtze River Delta through LAN measurements may overestimate background concentration by approximately 10.92 ppm.'

Chemosphere, Volume 356, May 2024, 141886

Abstract

The concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the air inside residential houses in Iran along with measuring the amount of 1-OHpyrene metabolite in the urine of the participants in the study was investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Demographic characteristics (including age, gender, and body composition), equipment affecting air quality, and wealth index were also investigated. The mean ± standard error (SE) concentration of particulate matter 10 (PM10) and ∑PAHs in the indoor environment was 43.2 ± 1.98 and 1.26 ± 0.15 μg/m3, respectively. The highest concentration of PAHs in the indoor environment in the gaseous and particulate phase related to Naphthalene was 1.1 ± 0.16 μg/m3 and the lowest was 0.01 ± 0. 0.001 μg/m3 Pyrene, while the most frequent compounds in the gas and particle phase were related to low molecular weight hydrocarbons. 30% of the samples in the indoor environment have BaP levels higher than the standards provided by WHO guidelines. 68% of low molecular weight hydrocarbons were in the gas phase and 73 and 75% of medium and high molecular weight hydrocarbons were in the particle phase. There was a significant relationship between the concentration of some PAH compounds with windows, evaporative coolers, printers, and copiers (p < 0.05). The concentration of PAHs in houses with low economic status was higher than in houses with higher economic status. The average concentration of 1-hydroxypyrene metabolite in the urine of people was 7.10 ± 0.76 μg/L, the concentration of this metabolite was higher in men than in women, and there was a direct relationship between the amount of this metabolite in urine and the amount of some hydrocarbon compounds in the air, PM10, visceral fat and body fat. This relationship was significant for age (p = 0.01). The concentration of hydrocarbons in the indoor environment has been above the standard in a significant number of non-smoking indoor environments, and the risk assessment of these compounds can be significant. Also, various factors have influenced the amount of these compounds in the indoor air, and paying attention to them can be effective in reducing these hydrocarbons in the air.

INDUSTRIAL AREA ENVIRONMENT / MÔI TRƯỜNG KHU CÔNG NGHIỆP 

Science of The Total Environment, Volume 924, 10 May 2024, 171637

Abstract

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have been regarded as the main sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This study compares the influent characteristics of industrial wastewater represented by the WWTP of paper mill and that of domestic sewage represented by the Benchmark Simulation Model No. 1 (BSM1) under stormy weather. The various sources of GHG emissions from the two processes are calculated, and the contribution of each source to the total GHG emissions is assessed. Firstly, based on the mass balance analysis and the recognized emission factors, a GHG emission calculation model was established for the on-site and off-site GHG emission sources from the WWTP of paper mill. Simultaneously, a GHG emission experimental model was established by determining the dissolved concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) in the papermaking wastewater, to verify the accuracy of the developed GHG calculation model. Subsequently, an optimum aeration rate for the paper mill was investigated to comply with the discharging norms. Under the optimum aeration rate of 10 h−1, the obtained calculation accuracies of CO2 and N2O emissions were 94.6 % and 91.1 %, respectively. The mean total GHG emission in the WWTP of paper mill was 550 kg CO2-eq·h−1, of which 44.6 % came from the on-site emission sources and 55.4 % from the off-site emission sources. It was also uncovered that the electrical consumption for aeration was the largest contributor to the total GHG emissions with a proportion of 25.2 %, revealing that the control strategy of the aeration rate is highly significant in reducing GHG emissions in WWTP of paper mills.

Journal of Cleaner Production, Volume 453, 10 May 2024, 142121

Abstract

In the United States (U.S.), the management of sludges generated from drinking water and wastewater treatment are overseen by the state agencies and much of that information, especially quantities incinerated or landfilled, are not communicated to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). Instead, estimates of beneficial use or disposal of sludges have been periodically quantified through time- and resource-intensive surveys of facility operators. Simple methods to estimate annual sludge generation and disposal, informed by publicly available state-level data, were developed. The generation of drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) sludge was estimated using water supply data and a sludge generation factor (SGF) based on existing literature. A process-averaged SGF, 1.3% as wet-weight per gallons treated, resulted in 35–40 mmt dw sludge/year from 2000 to 2015, yielding 150 kg DWTP sludge dw/person-year. Based on publicly available data from 15 states, WWTP sludge was approximately 1–2% of landfilled waste composition. State-level data regarding the (1) generation or (2) disposal of municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) sludges were used to extrapolate national estimates. From 2010 to 2020, the US generated (1) 7.5-6.8 or (2) 7.9–7.1 mmt dw WWTP sludge/year. National figures for WWTP sludge incineration could not be estimated based on limited data. The development of transparent and simple estimation methods that utilize publicly-available data will help improve generation, disposal, and recycling estimates at the national level.

Journal of Environmental Management, Volume 358, May 2024, 120910

Abstract

Due to its unique physicochemical properties, palladium is widely used in several industry applications (e.g., vehicle emission control). In view of the circular economy, it is essential to explore secondary sources of palladium, such as urban mines. Current technologies for effective palladium recovery involve high energy consumption and severe environmental impact. More recently, a novel green method for recovering palladium from spent catalysts through a combination of mild acidic leaching and photodeposition on ZnO nanoparticles was proposed on a laboratory scale. In the present study, the environmental impacts of this recovery method, properly upscaled and modelled, was assessed by employing the LCA approach. Specifically, a comparative LCA was carried out for the process with as well as without recycling key components, such as Cu (II) and NaCl for the leaching solution and ZnO. The outcomes identified critical areas and drove the investigation of alternative process configurations to reduce its environmental footprint, such as the use of carbon dioxide in the photodeposition process with the aim of decreasing the resulting terrestrial ecotoxicity. This study marks a significant step forward in advancing research toward industrial−scale implementation of palladium recovery. It provides valuable insights for researchers in the field of green physicochemical processes for metal recovery, thus offering guidance for future decision−making towards more sustainable practices.

Journal of Cleaner Production, Volume 452, 1 May 2024, 142207

Abstract

Cleaner production approaches and innovative industrial processes are examined in this assessment, which focuses on their role in promoting sustainable growth. The study thoroughly examines the effectiveness of several approaches, delving into the complex web of sustainable industrial practices besides emphasizing the methodology’ effects on the environment, resource efficiency, and waste reduction tactics. It also explores the effects of groundbreaking inventions on energy efficiency and sustainability measures in the industrial sector, providing a critical analysis of their revolutionary potential. This assessment is unique since it takes a multipronged approach, thoroughly analysing new developments in the field while simultaneously doing thorough evaluations of cleaner manufacturing methods. In order to create a comprehensive picture, two formerly separate but related topics have been combined instead of focusing exclusively on methodology or innovation to shed light on the ways in which techniques and innovations might work together to propel long-term improvement in manufacturing. By bringing together these areas, the analysis provides a detailed look at how combining the processes might change the way towards industrial sustainability, as a lead to exciting new developments in the sector.

Journal of Environmental Management, Volume 358, May 2024, 120860

Abstract

Cement is one of the widely used materials in construction, and its production is both energy- and emission-intensive, contributing significantly to industrial emissions. This study investigates multiple methods for reducing emissions in the Indian cement sector based on the mass and energy balances of a representative cement plant. A novel methodology for calculating the overall emissions reduction per tonne of cement with multiple emission reduction measures and their interdependencies is proposed. The effect of captive power plants in the cement industry on emissions reduction is also considered. The results are depicted using an emission abatement curve, which gives the CO2 abatement cost against cumulative emission reduction per tonne of cement, and a cost premium curve, which shows the cumulative abatement cost against percentage abatement. The analysis shows that up to 30% emissions reduction is possible using existing emission reduction measures in all the cases considered with no additional cost, and near-zero emission reduction is only possible with the adoption of emerging technologies such as carbon capture and storage. The proposed methodology is the first to explore the impact of multiple measures for emission reduction on a given cement plant, allowing for a realistic estimate of emission reduction from the measures implemented.

Medical Journal Armed Forces India, Volume 80, Issue 3, May–June 2024, Pages 281-286

Abstract

Background

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic non-communicable disease that imposes a significant burden on affected individuals and the community. Considerable attention has been given to industrial accidents and ergonomics, however, lifestyle-related diseases among industrial workers have often been neglected. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim to assess the prevalence of obesity/overweight and ascertain the risk of diabetes mellitus among male employees of an industrial unit in South Mumbai.

Methods

The cross-sectional study was conducted among male employees of an industrial unit in South Mumbai. Family history, exercise patterns, anthropometric measurements and physical vital parameters were recorded. Body composition was assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). The Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS) was employed to evaluate the risk of diabetes mellitus.

Results

In total, 3791 industrial workers participated in the study and 44.5% of participants were above 40 years. Mean height, weight, body mass index (BMI), Waist Circumference (WC) and waist to hip ratio (WHR) were 1.67 m, 71.33 kg, 25.99, 90.81 cm and 0.91 respectively. 56.1% individuals had WC more than 90 cm and 79.1% had WHR more than 0.90. 1846 (53%) and 927 (26.6%) participants had moderate and high diabetes risk respectively. The relationship between age, weight, BMI, WC, WHR, body fat mass and fat percentage, and IDRS was statistically significant.

Conclusion

A substantial proportion of industrial workers were identified as overweight and at high risk of diabetes mellitus. Consequently, it becomes imperative to offer health education and implement interventions to encourage regular exercise, adopt an active lifestyle, and promote healthy dietary habits among industrial workers.

Journal of Building Engineering, Volume 84, 1 May 2024, 108615

Abstract

In order to meet the international goals for a sustainable development, it is mandatory to implement energy saving solutions on existing buildings and industrial ones should be also addressed since industry related consumption covers approximately one third of the global energy demand. Industrial facilities are usually characterized by low overall quality standards and performance levels, largely influenced by their old age and architectural/technological, energy, and structural issues. The paper aims at outlining the current state of the research on manufacturing facilities, focusing on their energy efficiency and the related redevelopment solutions. The PRISMA methodology was adopted in the initial stages, coupled with a computer-aided bibliometric review tool: globally, 203 scientific papers retrieved on Web Of Science and ScienceDirect databases were analysed. Three main areas of interest were pointed out referring to structural and seismic behaviour, building envelope and systems performance, and energy-related issues. The analysis conducted revealed a significant gap in the literature concerning integrated retrofit solutions for industrial facilities and the review serves as a robust knowledge base for the development of comprehensive redevelopment guidelines for this peculiar building stock.

Environmental Technology & Innovation, Volume 34, May 2024, 103619

Abstract

Photovoltaic (PV) generation, as a clean and renewable energy technology, aligns with the global needs for energy transition and sustainable development. Due to its industrial distributed PV subsidy support policy, China has witnessed rapid growth in distributed PV industrial projects, leading to the formation of a mature market trading mechanism. This paper, focusing on China’s industrial distributed PV and its user, aims to explore how the PV system manufacturer (PSM) and PV system service provider (PSSP) can optimize the combination of "recycling mode & power structure” to simultaneously achieve multiple performance improvements, including those in economy, society, and environment (ESS) in the photovoltaic closed-loop supply chain (PV-CLSC), in consideration of the government’s PV subsidy policy. Therefore, by using three game-theoretical approaches including Nash game existed between the PSM and the PSSP under equal power and the Stackelberg game respectively led by PSM and PSSP, the optimal decisions of the PSM and PSSP, and the effective government subsidies under different combinations are obtained. Conclusions show that: To achieve individual optimal economic performance, both PSM and PSSP, as recyclers, invariably prefer a dominant position and choose to conduct recycling activities independently. For social welfare and subsidy efficiency, the government consistently tends to choose the PSM recycling mode in which the PSM and PSSP are expected to be in an equal power structure. Both in the PSM recycling and PSSP recycling modes, the government subsidy is smaller when two members are under the equal position than that respective under the dominant position, and in the latter scenario, the one with the advantage can mainly obtain the difference in the increased government subsidy.

Energy, Available online 21 May 2024, 131736

Abstract

Exploring the relationship between non-hydro renewable energy (NHRE) and water resources can help achieve high-quality development in China’s industrial sector under the constraints of water conservation. This study investigated the interrelationships and regional heterogeneity of capital, labor, water and NHRE in the industrial sectors of 158 cities in the Yellow River Basin (YRB) and Yangtze River Basin (YZRB) in China using a heterogeneous stochastic frontier model. Based on reconstructed NHRE consumption data, it is found that the NHRE output elasticity (OE) in the NHRE-rich YRB (median value: 0.1) was lower than that in the NHRE-scarce YZRB (0.24), while the water OE in the water-rich YZRB (0.07) was lower than that in the water-scarce YRB (0.09). Classification analysis of infrastructure construction revealed that the energy OE in NHRE outflow regions (0.11) was lower than in NHRE inflow regions (0.28). This study also optimized the allocation of projected NHRE additions in China by 2030 and found that the optimized strategy can generate an additional industrial output of 8.8×1011 Yuan and save 8.6×107 tons of water compared to existing strategies. The results indicated that a win-win situation of industrial growth and water conservation could be achieved by reallocation of NHRE.

Urban Climate, Volume 55, May 2024, 101932

Abstract

The plant absorbs gases and particulate matter through its leaves and contributes to cleaning the atmospheric pollutants. Sensitive plant species act as bioindicators of air pollution, while tolerant species are sinks of air pollutants. However, in ecologically sensitive regions like the Himalayas, there are no guiding rules for the selection of roadside plants for urban development due to a lack of scientific research. To address this, this study aimed to identify roadside plant species sensitivity and tolerance to air pollution near the industrial hub Rudrapur located in Kumaun Himalaya using the Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI). The APTI is used as a tool for evaluating and categorizing plants according to their levels of tolerance or sensitivity to air pollutants. In this study, the APTI of five plant species has been measured. A One-Way ANOVA was conducted to assess variations in biochemical parameters of five chosen roadside plant species situated at two distinct sites. Mangifera indica and Nerium species were recorded with high APTI values, indicating their tolerance to air pollution. However, the Eucalyptus species was identified as the most sensitive species with low APTI. Selecting suitable tree species to combat air pollution can improve the urban environment.

Environmental Impact Assessment Review, Volume 106, May 2024, 107520

Abstract

European Union's Green Deal is a legal obligation to EU countries to shift towards environment-friendly energy systems from fossil-fuel-based systems. This transition will bring significant global health benefits by combating climate change, but it is crucial to understand the so far understudied impacts on local communities' lives and, thus, on their health and well-being. The study proposes a novel conceptual framework based on socio-technical systems theory and the production of space theory to identify the interacting points between energy systems and health and well-being systems in the energy transition context. This framework is tested in Estonia's transitioning fossil fuel oil-shale-based energy system based on four focus group discussions, ten expert interviews, and document analysis. We innovatively pinpoint pathways, including feedback loops, through a causal loop diagram (CLD) impacting inhabitants' health and well-being from the interplay between energy and health and well-being systems. The analysis indicates that protecting and promoting health and well-being has been a challenge not only due to disruption created by the energy transition process but also due to the accumulated problems regarding socioeconomic conditions, environmental health impacts, and well-being at the local level. The compound effects of multiple existing and emerging issues, including the divergent interpretations of health and the lack of holistic support mechanisms for inhabitants to navigate the changes in sociocultural and economic space, can harm locals' health and well-being. The developed conceptual framework provides an important theoretical background to study the impacts on the mental and physical health, including social health and well-being, of the inhabitants living in the fossil-fuel-based industrial area. The CLD developed using this framework demonstrates the interacting points to avoid unintended consequences of energy transition.

Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Volume 202, May 2024, 123325

Abstract

Identifying the vital role of climate risk in developing technology is significant to promote the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The research utilises the full and sub-sample methodologies to capture the connection of the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and technological progress (TP) from the global perspective. In light of the quantitative discussion, we conclude that positive and adverse effects exist of SOI on TP, and the favourable one suggests that the La Nina phenomenon promotes technological progress. However, this opinion cannot be established in the adverse effect of SOI on TP that accompanies the La Nina phenomenon, which is primarily caused by the global financial crisis. Other adverse effects that accompany the El Nino phenomena point out that these climate risks are conducive to developing technology. In turn, the favourable and adverse influences from TP to SOI are accompanied by the El Nino phenomenon and La Nina event respectively, underlining that the development of technology is beneficial for alleviating climate risk. In the context of an increasingly severe climate crisis and a new round of scientific and technological revolution, this article will put forward valuable suggestions to tackle climate risk in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution.

Journal of Water Process Engineering , Volume 61, May 2024, 105327

Abstract

We reported on the development of mesoporous zirconium hydroxide (mp-Zr(OH)4) sorbents with high capacity for adsorptive removal of organic pollutants from industrial wastewater. The sorbent was prepared by a one-step chemical precipitation method at room temperature. The adsorption capacity and removal efficiency for the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the industrial wastewater were studied using an automatic adsorption measurement apparatus. The effects of different parameters (adsorbent dosage, adsorption time, regeneration times, adsorbate's molecular weight and adsorbate solubility), isotherm, thermodynamics, and kinetics were evaluated. By analyzing scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images and powder X-ray diffractograms (XRD) no obvious differences were observed for the sorbents before and after the adsorption of the organics, which indicated a structural stability of the sorbent. The specific surface area was reduced from 450 m2/g to 189 m2/g on adsorption, and after desorption of the organics the specific surface area was 350 m2/g. The adsorption of COD was analyzed in a Langmuir model that described the data better than the empirical Freundlich model. This finding points towards that the adsorption occurred as a monolayer on the mp-Zr(OH)4. The free energy of adsorption (ΔG) is in the range of −20 kJ/mol < ΔG < 0. Entropy changes are ΔS > 0. The kinetics of the adsorption of COD is better described with a Quasi-second-order dynamic model than with a Quasi-first-order dynamic model, which elucidates its primary reliance on porous adsorption surfaces and incorporation of chemical adsorption.

Environmental Research, Volume 248, 1 May 2024, 118226

Abstract

The synergistic enhancement of pollution reduction and carbon mitigation (PRCM) is an inevitable requirement for China's ecological civilization construction. Existing studies primarily focus on macro-level research, and there is a relative lack of research specifically addressing the micro-level of industrial chains. Based on non-competitive IO tables, this study employed the structural path decomposition analysis method to analyze the synergistic disparities of the PRCM industry chain and its driving factors. The findings reveal: (1) The crucial emission industrial chains for CO2, SO2, and PM show a high overlap degree, accounting for 46.67 %, 46.67 %, 60.00 %, 50.00 %, and 56.67 % during 2002–2020. The PRCM industrial chains are operating at a low synergistic level, with proportions of only 13.33 %, 23.33 %, 20.00 %, and 16.67 %. PRCM exhibits a "similar origin with different paths” phenomenon. (2) China's carbon mitigation policies can reduce pollution, whereas pollution reduction policies have limited carbon mitigation effects. (3) The emission control effect is the primary disparate factor in PRCM synergy, while other factors exhibit consistent impact direction to three emissions. The study's conclusions and corresponding policy suggestions hold significant theoretical and practical implications for relevant authorities to systematically plan synergistic emission reduction pathways and establish targeted synergistic policies.

Journal of Cleaner Production, Available online 19 May 2024, 142618

Abstract

PM2.5 remains one of the critical pollutants involving regional and complex air pollution in many big cities of China, and its improvement has become sluggish in recent years. In this study, we collected PM2.5 samples from two cities, Chengdu and Ya'an, which have different industrial structures in the Sichuan basin during wintertime and investigated the reasons behind their severe PM2.5 pollution. Throughout the entire sampling period, the average PM2.5 concentrations in Chengdu (71.3 ± 24.8 μg/m3) and Ya'an (72.6 ± 27.1 μg/m3) were similar. However, the chemical compositions of PM2.5 showed significant differences. Chengdu exhibited higher concentrations of water-soluble inorganic ions, whereas Ya'an had higher levels of carbonaceous compounds. Both cities experienced an ammonium-rich environment, which promoted the homogeneous generation of secondary pollutants. Moreover, as PM2.5 pollution worsened, the influence of heterogeneous reactions involving SO2 and NOx, as well as the heterogeneous hydrolysis of N2O5, gradually became more pronounced in particle formation. Additionally, adverse meteorological conditions facilitated pollutant accumulation in Ya'an. Using the Positive Matrix Factorization model, we identified five PM2.5 sources. The primary source of PM2.5 in both cities was secondary formation (35.4% in Chengdu and 32.5% in Ya'an), while their second-largest contributors varied (26.2% from vehicle emission in Chengdu, and 26.6% from combustion source in Ya'an). These discrepancies highlight the necessity for tailored government interventions, particularly during the winter season. By analyzing the light absorption of the carbonaceous at 370 nm, we discovered that brown carbon was the primary absorber of near-ultraviolet light, with vehicle emissions accounting for the largest portion in Chengdu (37.2%) and combustion emissions being the predominant factor in Ya'an (51.0%). These results could potentially help for having a long-term impact on climate change by simultaneously reducing PM2.5 pollution.

Ecological Informatics, Volume 80, May 2024, 102504

Abstract

Air pollution is a pressing concern, especially in developing countries, and its impact on the climate, physical health, and overall quality of life cannot be overstated. This study focuses on the Tehran province, Iran, aiming to clarify the role of different industrial activities in emitting air pollution. To achieve this objective, zonal areas spanning 3.2 km were designated for each industrial establishment within the province and subsequently categorized based on their respective activities forming industrial clusters. Five Copernicus Sentinel-5 Precursor vertical column density (VCD) data products, along with several other auxiliary datasets, were utilized to analyze the spatio-temporal patterns of major air pollutants, including formaldehyde (HCHO), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and tropospheric ozone (O3), and to forecast their concentration trends within each cluster. The use of the Exponential Smoothing Model (ESM) for forecasting was necessitated by the limited temporal coverage of available datasets from Sentinel-5P. This model, utilizing weighted averages of past observations to predict future values, was deemed suitable for addressing the temporal constraints of the datasets. The spatial analysis revealed three dispersion patterns in the study area: HCHO, CO, and NO2 exhibited island-like patterns, SO2 exhibited spot-like patterns, and tropospheric O3 exhibited topography-influenced patterns. The temporal analysis revealed significant inter-annual patterns and variations in pollutant concentrations among industrial clusters. Average concentrations of CO, NO2, SO2, and O3 reached their peaks during the cooler months of the year, likely attributable to temperature inversions and heightened usage of heating components, leading to increased combustion of fossil fuels. In contrast, peak levels of HCHO were observed during warmer months, a trend that may be attributed to intensified photochemical processes resulting from the heightened intensity of solar radiation. According to the ESM results, the concentration of HCHO above lime/plaster factories, the concentration of CO above petroleum refineries, power plants, and asphalt/sand factories, and the concentration of SO2 and NO2 above all studied clusters are forecasted to increase until 2025. In contrast, the tropospheric O3 concentration is expected to decrease during the same period. The methodology utilized in this study can be applied to other regions to identify major sources of air pollution and predict future trends.